3D Ultrasound in Ob/Gyn: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly

  • Dr Jacques Abramowicz, Rush University Medical Center, United States
  • One of the most exciting technologies (relatively) recently introduced in the practice of ob/gyn ultrasound in 3D/4D. It has been embraced by many practitioners and by patients (occasionally with negative results, such as the practice of entertainment ultrasound). Many indications ("the good") have been described (Benaceraf BR, Benson CB, Abuhamad A, Copel J, Abramowicz JS, DeVore GR, Doubilet PM, Lee W, Lev-Toaff A, Merz E, Nelson T, O'Neill MJ, Parsons A, Platt L, Pretorius D, Timor-Tritsch IE: 3-D/4-D Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Proceedings of the AIUM Conference, June 16 - 17, 2005. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:1587-97). Some advantages over 2D include: more complete examination, obtaining planes not otherwise obtainable, possibility of transferring information to other specialists, detailed examinations of specific areas (such as the spine, the brain or the heart). However, in cases of fetal abnormalities, additional information seems to be generated in only approximately 5% cases. In addition, volume sonography may allow shortened (but more complete?) exams. Furthermore, parental-fetal bonding may be enhanced. In gynecology, precise description of the uterine contour is feasible, more precise relations between ovarian/uterine geography can be defined, IUD can be exactly localized and pelvic floor anatomy can be evaluated. A negative impact of 3D/4D ultrasound ("the bad") has been the proliferation of private ultrasound boutiques, in malls or other places, where for a fee (usually hefty), future mothers can go and obtain 3D/4D images and/or clips of their ultrasound burned onto a CD/DVD to the music of their choice. Most professional organizations have come out with statements opposing the practice. Finally, users of 3D/4D as a relatively new technology need to be educated to the indications, advantages and possible artifacts ("the ugly") before adopting it in their clinical practice.