Advanced Beam Control for Focused Ultrasound: Anti-Focus

  • Mr Jongbum Seo, Yonsei University, Korea
  • An anti-focus is defined as the point where the pressure amplitude is zero. As an active protection means in focused ultrasound, the anti-focus was researched through simulations. A 513 element, 1 MHz, 15 cm focal depth, spherical shape transducer with a central hole was used for the simulation. The phase and amplitude condition to create pressure field was calculated by pseudo inverse method with the control value of 1 for a focus and 0 for an anti-focus. The lateral direction minimum distance between a focus and an anti-focus was determined by the comparison between the intended control values and the simulation results. Additionally, pressure fields of four foci symmetrically located at 3 mm from a central anti-focus and the same four foci without the anti-focus were simulated. With the calculated fields, temperature simulations were conducted based on bio-heat transfer equation. Damage was estimated from the calculated temperature profile with the thermal dosage of 240 equivalent minutes at 43 °C. The field simulation results indicate that the minimum distance is approximately 3 mm. The distance is approximately the end of the first side lobe of the transducer. The temperature simulation results show that the entire area of approximately 36 mm2 was estimated as the damage zone after 280 millisecond sonication of four 4 MPa foci. However, approximately 2 mm radius central zone was saved from the thermal damage by the addition of an anti-focus. Anti-foci are expected greatly to reduce the collateral damage in focused ultrasound through improved field control.