Objective: 3D/4D virtual reality in the Barco I-Space named virtual embryoscopy is used to assess the human embryonic development accurately and specifically for structural anomalies in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: 3D ultrasound sweeps were preformed between 6 and 13 weeks gestation using a vaginal ultrasound probe. Datasets of various embryos with structural defects were collected. The ultrasound data were transferred to a Barco I-Space setting: a four walled room using eight different projectors making it possible to view in real 3D. The datasets were projected as so called 'holograms' allowing depth perception and interaction with the rendered objects. This virtual reality system immerses the viewer(s) in a three-dimensional virtual environment that allows the users to perceive and interact with the volume rendered data in an intuitive manner.
Results: First trimester embryos with various structural defects were analysed with virtual embryoscopy. For instance abdominal wall defects, anencephaly and 3 stets of conjoined twins are demonstrated. The virtual reality images offered easy to interpret images with depth perception providing additional value to conventional 2D and 3D ultrasound examination. Using virtual embryoscopy first trimester embryos can be analysed relatively effortlessly and with great accuracy leading to earlier diagnosis of the defects.
Conclusion: Virtual embryoscopy is a promising non-invasive method where 3D ultrasound images give a natural and accurate view of various abnormal fetal structures in first trimester pregnancy. Virtual reality can help to make an earlier and accurate diagnosis of fetal anomalies in first trimester providing additional value.